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Book · How companies get built

The Mom Test

Rob Fitzpatrick · 2013

A short book on how to talk to customers without getting useless answers — and the best possible training for how to talk to founders.

Why it is here

The premise is that people will lie to you politely, especially about whether they like your idea, and that the fix is to ask about their past behaviour rather than their future intentions. It is aimed at founders doing customer research and it is barely a hundred pages.

For an angel it converts almost directly into diligence technique. "Would you use this?" gets a polite yes; "what did you do the last time you had this problem, and what did it cost you?" gets the truth. Every question in our diligence guides is built on that distinction.

It is the highest ratio of usefulness to length on this entire list, which is why it sits here rather than in a footnote.

Read it if

You have ever come out of a founder meeting feeling positive and been unable to say precisely why.

Skip it if

Almost nobody. It takes an evening.

Pair it withThe Lean StartupEric RiesThe book that made "minimum viable product" a phrase every founder uses — worth reading mostly so you can tell who has understood it.

The Mom Test: common questions

Why is a customer-research book on an investing list?
Because the skill is identical. Both jobs involve extracting truth from someone who has a social incentive to be encouraging, and the technique — ask about past behaviour, not future intention — transfers directly from customer interviews to founder meetings and reference calls.
Is it worth reading if I have been investing for years?
Probably, because the failure mode it describes is one experience does not cure. Experienced investors still leave meetings with a positive impression built entirely on answers to questions that could only have produced positive impressions.